Dental Fluorosis: Dilemma of Genetic Susceptibility
Luay Thanoon Younis *
Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.
Faatin Afeefah Ahmad Naqiyuddin
Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.
Afiqah Azhar
Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.
Ahmad Izzat Arief Amron
Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.
Aida Nur Ashikin Abd Rahman
Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.
Mohamed Ibrahim Abu Hassan
Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Excessive exposure to fluoride during formation of teeth may lead to a severe hypomineralization condition, called dental fluorosis. Genes such as Collagen type 1 alpha 2 (COL1A2), Estrogen receptor (ESR), Prolactin (PRL), Catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT), matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP20) and many others have been implicated in the incidence of dental fluorosis. This mini-review is an insight into the fact that fluorosis incidence and intensity are significantly related to individual’s genetic background.
Keywords: Fluorosis, fluoride, COL1A2, gene.