Oral Health Status on among Pregnant Attending at Health Centers in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR: A Cross Sectional Study
Published: 2024-07-05
Page: 233-242
Issue: 2024 - Volume 7 [Issue 1]
Thiphavanh Vongxay *
Department of Restorative, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Laos.
Koukeo Phommasone
Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos and Wellcome Trust-Mahosot Hospital-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Collaboration, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos.
Soulideth Inthakone
Department of Restorative, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Laos.
Soutsada Songpadith
Department of Restorative, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Laos.
Souksida Xaykhambanh
Department of Restorative, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Laos.
Phimfalee Sayaxang
Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Laos.
Viengsavanh Inthakoun
Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Laos.
Amphaivanh Homsavath
Division of Academic, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Laos.
Thongsavanh Vetsouvanh
Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Laos.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Oral health behavior and attitudes of pregnant women in Lao PDR are rarely examined, yet should be considered when designing preventative or therapeutic studies to reduce burden of oral diseases we aimed to understand dental care-seeking behavior, as well as oral heath knowledge and attitudes of oral health among pregnant women in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, was conducted in 3 District Health centers Savannakhet Province Lao PDR lasting for 12 months by using a simple random sampling for select participants, we Included criteria: Pregnant women who attending at the Health centers and without underlying medical disease, we excluded criteria: Private cases and women who seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus, Pregnant women who have diabetes or underlying medical disease, Who do not give consent or uncooperative. The research is composed of two parts: face to face interview and clinical examination. The structure questionnaire was use to assess their knowledge of oral health and appropriate behaviors. To conduct interviews using the structure questionnaire, which include queries about personal history, oral health knowledge and oral health behaviors. The clinical oral examination Patient’s decayed, missing and filled tooth (DMFT) index, plaque index (PI) and community periodontal index (CPI) was determined by using STATA version 12 is used for statistical analysis.
Results: A total of the 323 pregnant women invited to participate in the study. The age ranged from 15 to 45 year, with a mean age of 27.7 years (SD±5.6). The prevalence of dental disease in pregnant women such as tooth decayed, tooth missing and tooth filling. The tooth decayed of pregnant women was (69.9%), tooth missing was (30%) and tooth filling was (6.5%). The mean DMFT were (3.4±3.5), with (2.6±3) decayed teeth, (0.6±1.1) missing teeth, and (0.1±0.5) filled teeth. The oral hygiene status in pregnant women assessed with plaque index (PI). The PI of 270 participants that had plaque on the tooth surface (83.6%). The mean of their PI was (4.44±2.33). The periodontal disease in pregnant women assessed with community periodontal index. Almost (47.7%) of pregnant women presented with calculus, healthy gum was (32.8%). While this was (13%) found that calculus & bleeding. The prevalence of periodontal pockets >6mm was (1.9%), and periodontal pockets 4-5mm was (0.6%). The mean SD of CPI was (1.74±1.59) for the pregnancy.
Conclusion: We found that pregnant women in Savannakhet province experienced more dental caries and gingivitis, had less access to oral health facilities, had medium level of knowledge of healthy oral hygiene, and had poorer oral health practices. Comprehensive oral health screening and treatment during antenatal visit, together with appropriate systematic health education, could a crucial role in improving their oral health during pregnancy and beyond.
Keywords: Periodontal disease, oral health knowledge, oral health behaviors, dental care seeking behavior, pregnancy
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Acharya S, Bhat PV. Oral‐health‐related quality of life during pregnancy. Journal of Public Health Dentistry. 2009;69(2):74-77.
Evans R, Briggs P. Tooth-surface loss related to pregnancy-induced vomiting. Primary Dental Care: Journal of the Faculty of General Dental Practitioners (UK). 1994;1(1):24-26.
Boggess KA, Committee SfMFMP. Maternal oral health in pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2008;111(4): 976-986.
Arif F, Masoud A, Shafique M. Management of acute dental pain and oral health challenges among pregnant women in Pakistan. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2021;33(62A):59–64. DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i62A35149.
Rezaei Mahla, Samaneh Salari, Zahra Soroush. The effect of oral health instruction on knowledge, attitude and performance of pregnant women in Mashhad-Iran: A cross-sectional survey. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research. 2023;35(21):233-42.
Available:https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2023/v35i215229.
Naseem M, Khurshid Z, Khan HA, Niazi F, Zohaib S, Zafar MS. Oral health challenges in pregnant women: Recommendations for dental care professionals. The Saudi Journal for Dental Research. 2016 Jul 1;7(2):138-46.
Cohen LA, Bonito AJ, Eicheldinger C, Manski RJ, Macek MD, Edwards RR, Khanna N. Behavioral and socioeconomic correlates of dental problem experience and patterns of health care-seeking. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2011 Feb 1;142(2):137-49.
Clothier B, Stringer M, Jeffcoat MK. Periodontal disease and pregnancy outcomes: Exposure, risk and intervention. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2007;21(3): 451-466.
Gaffield ML, et al. Oral health during pregnancy: An analysis of information collected by the pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2001;132(7):1009-1016.
Liu PP et al. Dental care-seeking and information acquisition during pregnancy: A qualitative study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(14):2621.
Symalavong M, Chanthavilay P, Sychareun V. Oral health of pregnant women attending ANC of central hospitals, vientiane capital, Lao PDR. Lao Medical Journal. 2011;41-46.
Organization WH. Oral health surveys: Basic methods. World Health Organization; 2013.
Löe H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. The Journal of Periodontology. 1967;38(6):610-616.
Cutress T, Ainamo J, Sardo-Infirri J. The community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) procedure for population groups and individuals. International Dental Journal. 1987;37(4):222-233.
George A et al. The oral health status, practices and knowledge of pregnant women in south‐western Sydney. Australian Dental Journal. 2013;58(1):26-33.
Taani D, et al. The periodontal status of pregnant women and its relationship with socio‐demographic and clinical variables. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2003;30(4): 440-445.
Hugoson A. Gingivitis in pregnant women. A longitudinal clinical study. Odontologisk Revy. 1971;22(1):65-84.
Kornman KS, Loesche WJ. The subgingival microbial flora during pregnancy. Journal of Periodontal Research. 1980;15(2):111-122.
Vadiakas G, Lianos C. Correlation between pregnancy and dental caries. Hellenika Stomatologika Chronika. Hellenic Stomatological Annals. 1988;32(4):267-272.
Deghatipour M et al. Oral health status in relation to socioeconomic and behavioral factors among pregnant women: A community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19(1):1-10.
Musa FAM. Nurses’ Knowledge and Performance regarding Infection Control in labor room in Omdurman Military Hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan. University of Gezira; 2017.
Payal S. et al. Oral health of pregnant females in central India: Knowledge, awareness, and present status. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2017; 6.
Zini A, Vered Y, Sgan-Cohen HD. Are immigrant populations aware about their oral health status? A study among immigrants from Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1):1-6.
Steinberg BJ et al. Oral health and dental care during pregnancy. Dental Clinics. 2013;57(2):195-210.
Le M et al. Barriers to utilization of dental services during pregnancy: a qualitative analysis. Journal of Dentistry for Children. 2009;76(1):46-52.
Saddki N, Yusoff A, Hwang YL. Factors associated with dental visit and barriers to utilisation of oral health care services in a sample of antenatal mothers in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. BMC Public Health. 2010;10(1):1-11.