Lidocaine Induce Neurotoxicity and Peripheral Nerve Injury in Trigeminal Nerve System

Hue Vang *

Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Lao PDR.

Viengsavanh Inthakoun

Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Lao PDR.

Phimfalee Sayaxang

Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Lao PDR.

Phetmany Sihavong

Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Lao PDR.

Anhtana Photsavang

Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Lao PDR.

Vimonlak Bouphavanh

Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Lao PDR.

Khanphet Luangamat

Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Lao PDR.

Maiboun Simalavong

Division of Administration and Academic, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Lao PDR.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.


Abstract

Objectives: Local anesthetics (LAs) are widely used in dentistry for their ability to block nerve impulses, particularly lidocaine. However, LAs can commonly cause neurotoxicity In vitro and In vivo. Our study investigated the neurotoxic effects of lidocaine and the occurrence of peripheral nerve injury when lidocaine is injected for local or regional anesthesia in the oro-facial area.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were used in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neuron preparation and incubated with lidocaine. Cell death was assessed using a visual microscope. Nerve injury was detected by activating transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) expression in TG neurons after lidocaine injection into the trigeminal nerve endings in the infraorbital area.

Results: The rat TG neurons were killed by lidocaine after 24 hours of incubation. Cell death depends on the concentration of lidocaine, resulting in 39.83% cell death at 10 mM lidocaine, 75.20% at 20 mM lidocaine, and 89.90% at 50 mM (p<0.03), compared to 1.56% in saline. The cell membrane was damaged, and the nuclei showed signs of fragmentation in DAPI staining. Nerve injury was indicated by ATF3 immunoreactivity (IR) in the nuclei of TG neurons in the maxillary area of the TG in naïve (n=10), saline (n=50), 1% lidocaine (n=95), 2% lidocaine (n=319) (p<0.02), and 5% lidocaine (n=433) groups (p<0.01).

Conclusion: Lidocaine may induce neurotoxicity and nerve injury in vitro and in vivo at clinical concentrations or in cases of overdose.

Keywords: Lidocaine, immunohistochemistry, neurotoxicity, trigeminal nerve system


How to Cite

Vang , Hue, Viengsavanh Inthakoun, Phimfalee Sayaxang, Phetmany Sihavong, Anhtana Photsavang, Vimonlak Bouphavanh, Khanphet Luangamat, and Maiboun Simalavong. 2024. “Lidocaine Induce Neurotoxicity and Peripheral Nerve Injury in Trigeminal Nerve System”. Asian Journal of Dental Sciences 7 (1):156-64. https://journalajds.com/index.php/AJDS/article/view/190.


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