Assessment of Morphological Variations of Frenal Attachment in Diverse Population of Vidarbha Region
Published: 2023-02-09
Page: 49-54
Issue: 2023 - Volume 6 [Issue 1]
Anjali Mendhe *
Oralcare.co.in, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
Pooja Muley
Oralcare.co.in, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
Himanshu Gupta
Oralcare.co.in, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
Jayant Rajguru
Oralcare.co.in, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: Frenum is thin fold of mucous membrane that attaches lip and check to alveolar mucosa, gingiva and periosteum. Frenum may affect gingival health when attached too close to gingival margin as it interferes in plaque control. The aim of the present study was to assess morphological variations of frenal attachment in diverse population of Vidarbha region.
Material and Methods: The present study includes randomly selected 150 individuals including males and females in the age group of 18-60 years. Frenum attachments were recorded according to classification given by Mirko et al (1974). The data was arranged in tabulated form and P values were calculated.
Results: Prevalence of gingival type of attachment was predominant (48.7%) followed by mucosal (30%), papillary (11.3%), papilla-penetrating (10%). It was also seen that diastema is more commonly found in females (62.9%) as compared to males (37%).
Conclusion: After assessing various types of frenal attachments it can be concluded that gingival type of attachment is predominant and persistence of midline diastema in females is more than males.
Keywords: Diastema, frenum, gingival, mucosal, papillary, pink esthetics
How to Cite
References
Ricucci D. et al. Apical limit of root canal instrumentation and obturation: Part 2. A histological Study / Ricucci D, Langeland K. Int. Endod. Journal. 1998;31:394– 409.
Orstavik D. Materials used for root canal obturation: Technical, biological, and clinical testing. Endodontic Topics. 2005;12(1):25–38. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2005.00197.x
Markowitz K, Moynihan M, Liu M, Kim S. Biologic properties of eugenol and zinc oxide-eugenol. A clinically oriented review. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1992;73(6):729–737. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(92)90020-Q.
Desai S, Chandler N. Calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers: A review. Journal of Endodontics. 2009;35(4):475–480. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.11.026.
Buck RA. Glass ionomer endodontic sealers—a literature review. General Dentistry. 2002;50(4):365–368. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Kim YK, Grandini S, Ames JM, et al. Critical review on methacrylate resin–based root canal sealers. Journal of Endodontics. 2010;36(3):383–399. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.10.023
Hench LL. “Bioceramics: From concept to clinic.” Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 1991;74(7):1487–1510.
Best SM, Porter AE, Thian ES, Huang J. “Bioceramics: Past, present and for the future.” Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2008;28(7):1319–1327.
Koch K, Brave D. “Anewday has dawned: The increased use of bioceramics in endodontics.” Dentaltown. 2009;10:39–43.
Ginebra MP, Fern´andez E, de Maeyer EAP, et al. “Setting reaction and hardening of an apatitic calcium phosphate cement.” Journal of Dental Research. 1997;76(4): 905–912.
Cherng AM, Chow LC, Takagi S. “In vitro evaluation of a calcium phosphate cement root canal filler/sealer.” Journal of Endodontics. 2001;27(10):613–615.
Zhang W, Li Z, Peng B. “Assessment of a new root canal sealer’s apical sealing ability.” Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontics. 2009;107(6):e79-e82.
Han L, Okiji T. “Uptake of calcium and silicon released from calcium silicate-based endodontic materials into root canal dentine.” International Endodontic Journal. 2011;44(12):1081–1087.
Atmeh AR, Chong EZ, Richard G, Festy F, Watson TF. “Dentin-cement interfacial interaction: Calcium silicates and polyalkenoates.” Journal of Dental Research. 2012;91(5)454–459.
Zhang H, Shen Y, Ruse ND, Haapasalo M. “Antibacterial activity of endodontic sealers by modified direct contact test against Enterococcus faecalis.” Journal of Endodontics. 2009;35(7):1051–1055.
Al-Haddad A, CheAb Aziz ZA. Bioceramic-based root canal sealers: A review. International Journal of Biomaterials. 2016;2016.
Donnermeyer D, Bürklein S, Dammaschke T, Schäfer E. Endodontic sealers based on calcium silicates: A systematic review. Odontology. 2019:1-6.
Grossman L. Obturation of root canal. In: Grossman L, editor. Endodontic Practice. 10th. Philadelphia, Pa, USA: Lea and Febiger. 1982:297. [Google Scholar]
Morgental RD, Vier‐Pelisser FV, Oliveira SD, Antunes FC, Cogo DM, Kopper PM. Antibacterial activity of two MTA‐based root canal sealers. International Endodontic Journal. 2011;44(12):1128- 33.
Vasconcelos BC, Bernardes RA, Cruz SML, et al. Evaluation of pH and calcium ion release of new root-end filling materials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;108:135-39.
Camilleri J. Hydration mechanisms of mineral trioxide aggregate. Int Endod J. 2007;40:462-70.
Zhang H, Pappen FG, Haapasalo M. Dentin enhances the antibacterial effect of mineral trioxide aggregate and bioaggregate. Journal of Endodontics. 2009;35(2):221-4.
Zhang J, Zhu LX, Cheng X, Lin Y, Yan P, Peng B. Promotion of dental pulp cell migration and pulp repair by a bioceramic putty involving FGFR-mediated signaling pathways. Journal of Dental Research. 2015;94(6):853-62.
Hess D, Solomon E, Spears R, He J. Retreatability of a bioceramic root canal sealing material. Journal of Endodontics. 2011;37(11):1547-9.
Atteia MH. Apical healing, resorbability, and digital radiodensity after apical extrusion of total fill versus AH-plus sealers (one-year retrospective study). Egyptian Dental Journal. 2017;63(4-October (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry &Endodontics)):3717-23.
Collado‐González M, García‐Bernal D, Oñate‐Sánchez RE, Ortolani‐Seltenerich PS, Lozano A, Forner L, Llena C, Rodríguez‐Lozano FJ. Biocompatibility of three new calcium silicate‐based endodontic sealers on human periodontal ligament stem cells. International Endodontic Journal. 2017;50(9):875-84.
Nagas E, Uyanik MO, Eymirli A, Cehreli ZC, Vallittu PK, Lassila LV, Durmaz V. Dentin moisture conditions affect the adhesion of root canal sealers. Journal of Endodontics. 2012;38(2):240-4.
Rawtiya M, Verma K, Singh S, Munuga S, Khan S. MTA-based root canal sealers. Journal of Orofacial Research. 2013:16-21.
Rodríguez‐Lozano FJ, García‐Bernal D, Oñate‐Sánchez RE, Ortolani‐Seltenerich PS, Forner L, Moraleda JM. Evaluation of cytocompatibility of calcium silicate‐based endodontic sealers and their effects on the biological responses of mesenchymal dental stem cells. International Endodontic Journal. 2017;50(1):67-76.
Lee JK, Kim S, Lee S, Kim HC, Kim E. In vitro comparison of biocompatibility of calcium silicate-based root canal sealers. Materials. 2019;12(15):2411.
Lopez-Garcia S, Myong-Hyun B, Lozano A, Garcia-Bernal D, Forner L, Llena C, Guerrero-Girones J, Murcia L, Rodriguez-Lozano FJ. Cytocompatibility, bioactivity potential, and ion release of three premixed calcium silicate-based sealers. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2019:1-1.
Yang DK, Kim S, Park JW, Kim E, Shin SJ. Different setting conditions affect the surface characteristics and microhardness of calcium silicate-based sealers. Scanning. 2018;2018:7136345.
KebudiBenezra M, SchembriWismayer P, Camilleri J. Influence of environment on testing of hydraulic sealers. Sci Rep.2017;7:17927
Donnermeyer D, DornseiferP, Schäfer E, Dammaschke T. The push-out bond strength of calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers. Head Face Med. 2018;14:13.
Donnermeyer D, Vahdat-Pajouh N, Schäfer E, Dammaschke T. Influence of the final irrigation solution on the push-out bond strength of calcium silicate-based, epoxy resin-based and silicone-based endodontic sealers. Odontology; 2018. (epub ahead of print)
Available:https ://doi.org/10.1007/s1026 6-018-0392-z
Weller RN, Tay KCY, Garrett LV, et al. Microscopic appearance and apical seal of root canals filled with guttapercha and ProRoot endo sealer after immersion in a phosphate-containing fluid. IntEndod J. 2008;41:977-86.
Tay FR, Pashley DH, Rueggeberg FA, Loushine RJ, Weller RN. Calcium phosphate phase transformation is produced by the interaction of the Portland cement component of white mineral trioxide aggregate with a phosphate-containing fluid. J Endod. 2007;33:1347-51.
Bryan T, Khechen K, Brackett MG. In vitro osteogenic potential of an experimental calcium silicate-based root canal sealer. J Endod. 2010;36(7):1163-69.
Siboni F, Taddei P, Prati C, Gandolfi MG. Properties of Neo MTA Plus and MTA Plus cements for endodontics. International Endodontic Journal. 2017;50:e83-94.
Demiral M, Keskin C, Uzun I. In Vitro assessment of the tooth discolouration induced by well root ST, dia-proseal and MTA fill apex root canal sealers. Sch J Dent Sci; 2017;4(1):27-30.
Jasrotia A, Sharma N. Bioceramics in endodontics: Changing the face of endodontics. Book Rivers; 2021.